尽管当前的视觉算法在许多具有挑战性的任务上都表现出色，但尚不清楚他们如何理解现实世界环境的物理动态。在这里，我们介绍了Physion，一种数据集和基准，用于严格评估预测物理场景如何随着时间而发展的能力。我们的数据集具有对各种物理现象的现实模拟，包括刚性和软体体碰撞，稳定的多对象配置，滚动，滑动和弹丸运动，因此比以前的基准提供了更全面的挑战。我们使用Physion来基准一套模型，其体系结构，学习目标，投入输出结构和培训数据各不相同。同时，我们在同一场景上获得了人类预测行为的精确测量，从而使我们能够直接评估任何模型能够近似人类行为的效果。我们发现，学习以对象为中心的表示的视觉算法通常优于那些没有人的表现，但仍未达到人类绩效。另一方面，绘制具有直接访问物理状态信息的神经网络的表现效果更好，并且做出与人类制作的预测更相似。这些结果表明，提取场景的物理表征是在视力算法中实现人类水平和类似人类的物理理解的主要瓶颈。我们已公开发布了所有数据和代码，以促进使用物理以完全可重现的方式对其他模型进行基准测试，从而使对视觉算法的进度进行系统的评估，这些算法像人们一样坚固地了解物理环境。

我们介绍了ThreedWorld（TDW），是交互式多模态物理模拟的平台。 TDW能够模拟高保真感官数据和富裕的3D环境中的移动代理和对象之间的物理交互。独特的属性包括：实时近光 - 真实图像渲染;对象和环境库，以及他们定制的例程;有效构建新环境课程的生成程序;高保真音频渲染;各种材料类型的现实物理相互作用，包括布料，液体和可变形物体;可定制的代理体现AI代理商;并支持与VR设备的人类交互。 TDW的API使多个代理能够在模拟中进行交互，并返回一系列表示世界状态的传感器和物理数据。我们在计算机视觉，机器学习和认知科学中的新兴的研究方向上提供了通过TDW的初始实验，包括多模态物理场景理解，物理动态预测，多代理交互，像孩子一样学习的模型，并注意研究人类和神经网络。

In this paper we discuss the theory used in the design of an open source lightmorphic signatures analysis toolkit (LSAT). In addition to providing a core functionality, the software package enables specific optimizations with its modular and customizable design. To promote its usage and inspire future contributions, LSAT is publicly available. By using a self-supervised neural network and augmented machine learning algorithms, LSAT provides an easy-to-use interface with ample documentation. The experiments demonstrate that LSAT improves the otherwise tedious and error-prone tasks of translating lightmorphic associated data into usable spectrograms, enhanced with parameter tuning and performance analysis. With the provided mathematical functions, LSAT validates the nonlinearity encountered in the data conversion process while ensuring suitability of the forecasting algorithms.

Estimating the 6D pose of objects is one of the major fields in 3D computer vision. Since the promising outcomes from instance-level pose estimation, the research trends are heading towards category-level pose estimation for more practical application scenarios. However, unlike well-established instance-level pose datasets, available category-level datasets lack annotation quality and provided pose quantity. We propose the new category level 6D pose dataset HouseCat6D featuring 1) Multi-modality of Polarimetric RGB+P and Depth, 2) Highly diverse 194 objects of 10 household object categories including 2 photometrically challenging categories, 3) High-quality pose annotation with an error range of only 1.35 mm to 1.74 mm, 4) 41 large scale scenes with extensive viewpoint coverage, 5) Checkerboard-free environment throughout the entire scene. We also provide benchmark results of state-of-the-art category-level pose estimation networks.

In the contemporary media landscape, with the vast and diverse supply of news, it is increasingly challenging to study such an enormous amount of items without a standardized framework. Although attempts have been made to organize and compare news items on the basis of news values, news genres receive little attention, especially the genres in a news consumer's perception. Yet, perceived news genres serve as an essential component in exploring how news has developed, as well as a precondition for understanding media effects. We approach this concept by conceptualizing and operationalizing a non-discrete framework for mapping news items in terms of genre cues. As a starting point, we propose a preliminary set of dimensions consisting of "factuality" and "formality". To automatically analyze a large amount of news items, we deliver two computational models for predicting news sentences in terms of the said two dimensions. Such predictions could then be used for locating news items within our framework. This proposed approach that positions news items upon a multidimensional grid helps in deepening our insight into the evolving nature of news genres.

Previous attempts to predict stock price from limit order book (LOB) data are mostly based on deep convolutional neural networks. Although convolutions offer efficiency by restricting their operations to local interactions, it is at the cost of potentially missing out on the detection of long-range dependencies. Recent studies address this problem by employing additional recurrent or attention layers that increase computational complexity. In this work, we propose Axial-LOB, a novel fully-attentional deep learning architecture for predicting price movements of stocks from LOB data. By utilizing gated position-sensitive axial attention layers our architecture is able to construct feature maps that incorporate global interactions, while significantly reducing the size of the parameter space. Unlike previous works, Axial-LOB does not rely on hand-crafted convolutional kernels and hence has stable performance under input permutations and the capacity to incorporate additional LOB features. The effectiveness of Axial-LOB is demonstrated on a large benchmark dataset, containing time series representations of millions of high-frequency trading events, where our model establishes a new state of the art, achieving an excellent directional classification performance at all tested prediction horizons.

Tasks critical to enterprise profitability, such as customer churn prediction, fraudulent account detection or customer lifetime value estimation, are often tackled by models trained on features engineered from customer data in tabular format. Application-specific feature engineering adds development, operationalization and maintenance costs over time. Recent advances in representation learning present an opportunity to simplify and generalize feature engineering across applications. When applying these advancements to tabular data researchers deal with data heterogeneity, variations in customer engagement history or the sheer volume of enterprise datasets. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to encode tabular data containing customer transactions, purchase history and other interactions into a generic representation of a customer's association with the business. We then evaluate these embeddings as features to train multiple models spanning a variety of applications. CASPR, Customer Activity Sequence-based Prediction and Representation, applies Transformer architecture to encode activity sequences to improve model performance and avoid bespoke feature engineering across applications. Our experiments at scale validate CASPR for both small and large enterprise applications.

Commonly used AI networks are very self-confident in their predictions, even when the evidence for a certain decision is dubious. The investigation of a deep learning model output is pivotal for understanding its decision processes and assessing its capabilities and limitations. By analyzing the distributions of raw network output vectors, it can be observed that each class has its own decision boundary and, thus, the same raw output value has different support for different classes. Inspired by this fact, we have developed a new method for out-of-distribution detection. The method offers an explanatory step beyond simple thresholding of the softmax output towards understanding and interpretation of the model learning process and its output. Instead of assigning the class label of the highest logit to each new sample presented to the network, it takes the distributions over all classes into consideration. A probability score interpreter (PSI) is created based on the joint logit values in relation to their respective correct vs wrong class distributions. The PSI suggests whether the sample is likely to belong to a specific class, whether the network is unsure, or whether the sample is likely an outlier or unknown type for the network. The simple PSI has the benefit of being applicable on already trained networks. The distributions for correct vs wrong class for each output node are established by simply running the training examples through the trained network. We demonstrate our OOD detection method on a challenging transmission electron microscopy virus image dataset. We simulate a real-world application in which images of virus types unknown to a trained virus classifier, yet acquired with the same procedures and instruments, constitute the OOD samples.

在过去的几年中，神经网络（NN）从实验室环境中发展为许多现实世界中的最新问题。结果表明，NN模型（即它们的重量和偏见）在训练过程中的重量空间中的独特轨迹上演变。随后，这种神经网络模型（称为模型动物园）的人群将在体重空间中形成结构。我们认为，这些结构的几何形状，曲率和平滑度包含有关训练状态的信息，并且可以揭示单个模型的潜在特性。使用这种模型动物园，可以研究（i）模型分析的新方法，（ii）发现未知的学习动力学，（iii）学习此类人群的丰富表示形式，或（iv）利用模型动物园来用于NN权重和NN权重的生成模型偏见。不幸的是，缺乏标准化模型动物园和可用的基准可以显着增加摩擦，以进一步研究NNS人群。通过这项工作，我们发布了一个新颖的模型动物园数据集，其中包含系统生成和多样化的NN模型种群，以进行进一步研究。总共提出的模型动物园数据集基于八个图像数据集，由27个模型动物园组成，该模型动物园训练有不同的超参数组合，包括50'360唯一的NN型号以及其稀疏双胞胎，导致超过3'844'360收集的型号。 。此外，对于模型动物园数据，我们提供了对动物园的深入分析，并为多个下游任务提供了基准。该数据集可在www.modelzoos.cc上找到。

给定模型动物园的神经网络权重的学习表示是一个新兴而具有挑战性的领域，从模型检查到神经体系结构搜索或知识蒸馏，具有许多潜在的应用。最近，在模型动物园进行训练的自动编码器能够学习一个超代理，该代表体捕获了动物园中模型的内在和外在特性。在这项工作中，我们扩展了超代表，以供生成使用以采样新的模型权重。我们提出的是层损失归一化，我们证明，这是基于超代表拓扑生成高性能模型和几种采样方法的关键。使用我们的方法生成的模型是多种多样的，性能的，并且能够超过强大的基准，从而在下游任务上进行了评估：初始化，合奏采样和传递学习。我们的结果表明，通过超代理通过过度代理，知识聚集从模型动物园到新模型的潜力，从而为新的研究方向铺平了途径。